2. General Phenomenology of Glass Alteration by Water
Due to its structural disorder frozen at high temperatures, glass is a metastable solid that, upon contact with water, undergoes irreversible alteration. As it alters, the internal energy of the glass/fluid system decreases. However, reaching a thermodynamic equilibrium between the glass and the solution is not possible because secondary phases form and keep the solution’s composition far from equilibrium. The fundamental question that arises, therefore, is to determine the mechanisms and rate at which the glass deteriorates.
Consider a sample of sound nuclear glass placed in deionized water in a closed system. Hydration—a phenomenon corresponding to the diffusion of water, whether dissociated or not, into the glassy lattice—is extremely slow and can be neglected. Deterioration is therefore a phenomenon affecting the outermost atomic layers of the material’s surface....
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General Phenomenology of Glass Alteration by Water
Mechanisms of Water-Induced Deterioration of Glass
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