3. What are the main difficulties encountered when setting up a multimedia watch?

Multimedia monitoring is complicated by several factors:

• the heterogeneous nature and formats of the sources ;

• the overabundance and proliferation of multimedia content;

• the immediacy of publication, often in real time (with the development of video streaming on social networks);

• indexing is often limited to tags or hashtags, which does not reflect the richness of the content (especially audio);

• the ephemeral nature of certain content, particularly via image or video networks;

• risks of manipulation: photomontages, deep fakes...

This last point is particularly crucial. Digital technology has led to a proliferation of retouched photos, taken...