History

Beginning in the mid-1950s, operators have continuously challenged the railway industry to enable faster running on existing lines, as a very effective solution to increase competitiveness and attractiveness of railway transportation, while maintaining or even improving running safety and passenger comfort and reducing the aggressiveness of the rolling stock on the track.

Tilting trains have been considered as one important option for increasing the commercial mean speed of passenger trains by negotiating curves up to 30 % faster than conventional trains, without heavy infrastructure investments. However, to meet such challenging requirements, a more careful approach to vehicle design and optimisation had to be applied, which also included...