1. How can we make the most of human actions in ESD?

When man acts as a safety barrier. Estimating its performance in the event of an accident is a difficult task, so that it is often difficult to value it as an "effective" barrier that can be used as a risk control measure (RCM), in the same way as a technical measure.

It is, however, unanimously recognized that human action can be valorized as MMR. In its OMEGA 10 report, INERIS defines two categories of MMR involving human action.

• Human MMR: MMR made up of human activity that counteracts the chain of events likely to lead to an accident.

• Manual safety systems (MSS): MMR involving both technical and human elements.

The third category (technical MMR) does not involve human action. These three categories of MMR are represented in the figure "Characterization...