Surface water treatment plants

For surface waters (rivers and natural or dammed lakes), quality is very rarely excellent, and the problems encountered are of three types:

• common problems of natural origin (turbidity and SS, iron, manganese, aluminium, MON, bacteria, algae, low minerality);

• increasingly frequent problems of anthropogenic origin (nitrates, pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, endocrine disruptors and other organic micropollutants, metals, pathogenic bacteria and viruses, organic matter from urban and industrial waste, etc.);

• treatment and distribution problems (THMs, chlorites, bromates, lead, acrylamide,...