1. Define the characteristic values of lamps

Lighting techniques designed to meet lighting requirements are based on the following parameters:

• Luminous intensity (in candelas – cd) represents the energy flux radiated in a given direction.

• Luminous flux (in lumens – lm) is the amount of energy that passes through a defined surface per unit of time.

• illuminance (in lux – lx) quantifies the flux received by a surface at a given point;

• Luminance (in candelas per square meter – ) is the density of luminous flux emitted per unit solid angle in a given direction.

• Colorimetry, whose measurements are color temperature (Tcp in Kelvin – K), varies from warm tones (3,300K) to intermediate white (between 3,300 and 5,300K for office lighting) to cool white (>5,300K)....