5. Favoring low-carbon electrical energy

The carbon content of the electrical kWh results from the energy mix used to produce electrical energy in the country or region under consideration. For example, in France –, where nuclear generation is the majority –, parameter A of the TEWI equation has an average value of 59 gCO ₂ /kWh. For European countries, we find average values of 429 gCO ₂ /kWh in Germany, 215 gCO ₂ /kWh in Belgium, 330 gCO ₂ /kWh in Italy.

In France, CO ₂ emissions from electricity generation vary widely depending on the type of generation used, as some production methods emit less CO ₂ than others. For example,...