3. Detection
3.1 Basic principle of direct detection
The optical power fluctuations carrying the information are converted into electrical current fluctuations in the photodetector, which may be a PIN diode or an avalanche diode.
Incident photons illuminating the photodetector junction create photoelectrons by a Poisson process. In the case of the PIN photodiode, the average value of photocurrent I is given by :
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Detection
Optical amplification
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