9. Governance

A governance plan is essential for steering an organization's IS. It sets out IS strategies and policies, as well as the groups responsible for its evolution. By drawing up a long-term IS strategy, consistent with future projects, it facilitates staff cohesion and adaptation.

Including organizational elements and support tools, it sets up structures and defines the roles associated with them. Figure 5 shows an example of IS governance, and Box 1 shows the dashboard approach.

Governance elements also have a major impact on change management, by reassuring employees, minimizing obstacles and ensuring a two-way flow of information to all structures....