1. The unfertile standardized funnel

For this funnel, few innovative ideas and proposals are selected upstream. The R&D process is classic and relatively cumbersome. It generally leads to a small number of development projects, which are usually completed. This model can be found in sectors such as aeronautics, which are subject to strong constraints of technical reliability in operation and are capital-intensive. It can also be found in the energy sector, where one R&D director explains: "Today, it's the result that kills creativity. Today, R&D is a super design office.