Measurement methods

The complexity of the interactions between PPPs and biodiversity represents a scientific challenge in terms of identifying and quantifying impacts. The difficulties arise in particular from the multiplicity of factors involved, their interactions and their dynamics, marked by a strong dependence of results on the contexts studied. This makes it difficult to generalize the knowledge produced. Consequently, this complexity can only be tackled by combining different approaches, adapted to the context and the objective pursued, at the risk of contributing to the heterogeneity of the systems implemented and the data generated.

These may include :

• experiments based on the controlled variation of certain factors, which can be carried out in the laboratory, in outdoor mesocosms, or in the field on an equipped site (figure...