1. Visual detection
Intended for qualitative analysis, visual detection is widely used in the analysis of narcotics, for example. In all cases, the plate is illuminated by a suitable light source:
white light is used to identify coloured substances;
ultraviolet light enables fluorescent substances to be seen when illuminated at these wavelengths.
To facilitate detection, TLC plate manufacturers mix a fluorescent indicator into the adsorbent layer; this may be an inorganic salt that gives the plate a yellow (uranyl acetate) or yellow-green (zinc silicate) color. The most widely used is a mixed sulfide of zinc and cadmium, fluorescing at 254 nm, hence the name F 254.
Organic salts generally fluoresce at 366 nm; the most commonly used are 3-hydroxypyrene 5,8,10-trisulfonate...
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Visual detection
Quantitative densitometry analysis
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