4. Bulk solids level
Measuring and controlling the levels of solid products (granulates, powders, etc.) is complicated by several phenomena in the behavior of bulk materials, which are more or less difficult to control, and which affect the reliability of measurements.
Granulometry: granulometry varies from a few micrometers to a few tens of cubic decimeters.
Hygroscopy: the retention of water inside the mass, through absorption, adsorption or capillarity, can completely alter the flow properties of products, promoting the risk of clogging and changing the flow regime. In addition, the physical laws on which measurement is based may also be altered.
Angle of repose: what does "level" mean with bulk products? Filling silos creates a positive cone under the feed. Conversely, extraction creates...
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Bulk solids level
Device functions
Bibliography
Websites
Online course on level measurement using radar technology :
https://academy-online.krohne.com/elearning/fr/cours/mesure-de-niveau-radar/
Engineer's Garage: level sensors :
...Standards and norms
- Radiation protection – Sealed radioactive sources – General requirements and classification - ISO 2919 - 2012
- Tanks for transporting hazardous materials – Tank service equipment – Fill limiters for liquid petroleum fuels - NF EN 13922 - 2011
The catalog of Iso and Afnor standards can be consulted online on the Afnor website: http://www.afnor.fr
...Regulations
Arrêté du 8 juillet 2003 relatif au contrôle métrologique des récipients-mesures. NOR: INDI0301736A
Decree no. 2002-460 of April 4, 2002 on the general protection of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation.
Decree no. 98-1186 of December 24, 1998 amending decree no. 86-1103 of October 2, 1986, as amended, on the protection of workers against the dangers of ionizing...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Table 1 lists the main manufacturers, classified by measuring system.
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