6. Reliability and safety
Like most measuring devices, level sensors are used to protect equipment with a very high economic value, and to monitor hazardous installations. Naturally, there is a hierarchy of human and material risks involved. Whatever the appropriateness of the measurement principles used and the quality of manufacture, no instrument can claim absolute reliability. The solution is to operate by redundancy, multiplying the number and/or type for an application where safety is particularly important.
The fact that more and more units are operated with a minimum of personnel, or are even fully automatic, implies greater reliability. As a result, operators appreciate devices capable of self-declaring a malfunction remotely, so-called "fail-safe" devices which, whatever the fault affecting them, react as if they were announcing the logical fault they are responsible for monitoring,...
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Bibliography
Websites
Online course on level measurement using radar technology :
https://academy-online.krohne.com/elearning/fr/cours/mesure-de-niveau-radar/
Engineer's Garage: level sensors :
...Standards and norms
- Radiation protection – Sealed radioactive sources – General requirements and classification - ISO 2919 - 2012
- Tanks for transporting hazardous materials – Tank service equipment – Fill limiters for liquid petroleum fuels - NF EN 13922 - 2011
The catalog of Iso and Afnor standards can be consulted online on the Afnor website: http://www.afnor.fr
...Regulations
Arrêté du 8 juillet 2003 relatif au contrôle métrologique des récipients-mesures. NOR: INDI0301736A
Decree no. 2002-460 of April 4, 2002 on the general protection of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation.
Decree no. 98-1186 of December 24, 1998 amending decree no. 86-1103 of October 2, 1986, as amended, on the protection of workers against the dangers of ionizing...
Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
Table 1 lists the main manufacturers, classified by measuring system.
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