9. Level measurement trends

Level measurements continue to account for a significant proportion of the instrumentation installed base. They can be clearly divided into two groups: precise measurements for commercial transactions and tax assessment, based on government-approved equipment, and those for monitoring manufacturing processes. There is a clear trend in favor of statically-operated instruments, based for example on the use of electrical capacitance, ultrasound or microwaves, which are less invasive, to the detriment of older hydromechanical systems: floats, cable, etc. Above all, operators are looking for reliability and low maintenance. However, the development of centralized management systems, combined with increasingly detailed analysis of operating conditions, is leading to optimized accuracy.

Another marked trend, which fits in perfectly with the proliferation of purely electronic...