Overview
ABSTRACT
The development of on-site sanitation systems has accelerated over the last century. Many devices have been developed, with some still in service. This article examines this evolution over time, from a technical as well as regulatory point of view. The regulations governing on-site sanitation (such as decrees governing technical requirements, technical control by municipalities, or the law on water and aquatic environments) is described. The regulatory framework is also presented according to two standards: the “implementation of independent on-site sanitation devices” and “small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT.”
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Roger LACASSE : Vice President, Special Projects - Premier Tech Water & Environment, Rivière-du-Loup, Canada
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Siegfried MAUNOIR : Vice-President, Innovation and Technology - Premier Tech Water and Environment, Mèze, France
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Yan GILBERT : IR&D Director - Premier Tech Water & Environment, Rivière-du-Loup, Canada
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Cécile FAVRE : Sustainability and Institutional Relations Manager - Premier Tech Water and Environment, Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine, France
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Charlotte TROADEC : Technical writer - Premier Tech Water and Environment, Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine, France
INTRODUCTION
In France, non-collective sanitation (ANC) treats the wastewater produced by almost 20% of the population whose homes are not connected to a public collection network. Every year, almost 100,000 ANC systems are installed, half of which involve rehabilitating failing facilities. Several types of system are used: traditional systems (land application and reconstituted filter beds) and, since the entry into force of the "technical specifications" decree of September 2009, "other systems" consisting of compact ANC systems that must be approved in accordance with the requirements of this decree. The majority of approvals are based on the results of CE marking tests carried out on these products in accordance with standard NF EN 12566-3+A2 . These compact systems, now chosen for around 40% of installations, are grouped into three technological families: compact filters, microstations and planted filters. In 2017, the results of a vast campaign to monitor the in situ performance of ANC systems in France highlighted regulatory compliance issues. The best-performing systems were mainly of the biological filter type. There are a number of possible explanations for the problems encountered, but undersizing of several components of failing systems appears to be the most important. What's more, the recent arrival on the French market of increasingly compact ANC systems is not likely to improve the situation. It is against this backdrop that this article presents, for each technology family, the fundamental design criteria, the factors influencing performance and the operation and maintenance requirements to ensure sustainable performance, all in relation to current regulations and the characteristics of the wastewater produced in ANC. Criteria for sustainable infiltration of treated water and factors influencing the carbon footprint of each technology family are also covered.
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On-site sanitation
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Bibliography
- (1) - MINISTÈRES EN CHARGE DE L'ÉCOLOGIE ET DE LA SANTÉ, CERIB ET CSTB - Cadre destiné aux opérateurs économiques pour la procédure d'agrément des dispositifs d'assainissement non collectif. - http://www.assainissement-non-collectif.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/16_10_2023_-_cadre_de_la_procedure_...
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