Overview
ABSTRACT
Power microsources known as microbatteries, which have been the subject of long university research, were developed in a quasi-industrial way following the miniaturization of nomadic systems including electronic microcircuits. A microbattery is a rechargeable electrochemical generator presenting two possible types of architecture. It is composed by stacking of a dozen of thin layers on a planar substrate (glass, ceramic, isolated silicon, isolated metal, polymer coated with an anti-moisture barrier). Each thin layer has a specific geometry so that the staking is functional. Three are active (positive electrode, electrolyte, negative electrode) and the others are protective, insulating or current collector layers.
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Read the articleAUTHORS
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Alain LEVASSEUR: Professor at ENSCPB, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut de chimie de la matière condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB) (UPR CNRS 9048)
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Brigitte PECQUENARD: Associate Professor at ENSCPB, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry (ICMCB) (UPR CNRS 9048)
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Philippe VINATIER: Associate Professor at ENSCPB, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry (ICMCB) (UPR CNRS 9048)
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Raphaël SALOT: Research engineer at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA-LITEN)
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Frédéric LE CRAS: Research engineer at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA-LITEN)
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Michel MARTIN: Research engineer (HEF R) - Project Manager
INTRODUCTION
The miniaturization of nomadic systems based on electronic microcircuits, and the significant increase in their functionality, mean that the energy sources associated with them need to be adapted, hence the development of micro-current sources known as micro-batteries.
A microbattery is defined as a rechargeable all-solid electrochemical generator with a thickness of the order of a few tens of micrometers (typically 10 to 25 μm), an area varying from a few mm 2 to a few cm 2 and made up of a stack of around ten thin layers; three are "active" (positive electrode, electrolyte, negative electrode), the others being protective, insulating or current collector layers.
The study of microbatteries, which began in the 1980s, remained for a long time at the university research stage, but in recent years these systems have entered a phase of industrial development, or even pre-industrialization.
Microbatteries should not be confused with other, more conventional systems, generally consisting of porous composite electrodes and a polymer electrolyte (or liquid electrolyte), each several tens of micrometers thick, capable of delivering higher currents and surface capacities. These are known as mini-batteries.
The term "battery" or "microbattery" is now commonly used, although it's a misnomer. Strictly speaking, a battery is an assembly of accumulators connected in series or parallel.
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