4. What is the impact of a chemical substance on the eye?

Eye irritation is characterized by reversible redness (erythema) and swelling (edema) of the palpebral mucosa (conjunctivitis). Conjunctivitis may be prolonged in cases of repeated irritation.

In addition to irritative or necrotic effects on the conjunctiva, ocular corrosion results in superficial abrasion or partial destruction of the cornea. Corneal abrasion results in varying degrees of corneal opacification and a corresponding loss of visual acuity. Healing opacification of the cornea and permanent loss of visual acuity are important sequelae of corneal abrasion.

Iris constriction is an indicator of eye toxicity and suffering. It is also an indicator of the activity of topically or systemically administered substances on the autonomic nervous system. Sympathomimetic and parasympatholytic substances dilate the iris. Parasympathomimetic...