13. Frequently asked questions

How to choose between animal testing?

Generally, the GPMT is used for active ingredients and the Buehler test for formulations. The GPMT lasts about 23-25 days, the Buehler test about 30-32 days.

The GMPT is a maximization test, magnifying reactions in animals compared with humans. It sometimes gives false positives.

The Buehler test is closer to actual human exposure conditions. It is better suited to formulations and cosmetics, but can give false negatives.

For both tests, colorants cannot be evaluated. In addition, as with skin irritation tests, both require laboratories experienced in reading erythema and edema.

The LLNA test uses quantitative cell count or radioactivity measurements to assess the dose-response relationship. It therefore appears more reliable...