Conclusion

Coffee represents an entire industry, from small family plantations in southern countries to large Western industrial firms. Globalization, market economy, speculation, innovative techniques, health and ecology, the world of coffee is a concentrate of our world.

In all areas of the industry, research is being carried out to improve products and techniques. New coffee hybrids are being created, by agronomic means or genetic engineering, to improve productivity and disease resistance. New processing techniques are emerging, both for primary processing and for machining and roasting. They are more ecological, more economical in terms of water and energy, and better preserve the intrinsic qualities of the coffees. Waste purification and recovery, particularly in the pulping and hulling processes, are highly promising areas in which there is still much room for innovation....