1. Issues
Energy independence is defined as the ratio between a country's domestic primary energy production and its actual primary energy consumption.
For France, this energy independence is officially 55% (Energy balance for France 2021).
Official statistics define "primary" electricity as electricity drawn directly from nature or contained in nature's energy products: hydro, wind, photovoltaic, high-temperature geothermal. Nuclear power is considered "primary" by convention, unlike electricity generated by thermal power plants.
If we consider that electricity from uranium conversion comes from a predominantly imported resource, France's rate of energy independence is less than 10%.
Energy savings are a sign of good management....
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
This article is included in
Energy resources and storage
This offer includes:
Knowledge Base
Updated and enriched with articles validated by our scientific committees
Services
A set of exclusive tools to complement the resources
Practical Path
Operational and didactic, to guarantee the acquisition of transversal skills
Doc & Quiz
Interactive articles with quizzes, for constructive reading
Issues
Objectives
Bibliography
Standards and norms
- Document normatif français et traduit en anglais : Référentiel de bonnes pratiques du diagnostic énergétique dans l'industrie - AFNOR BP X 30 120 - 2006
- Audit énergétique : l'audit énergétique parties 1 à 5, de 2012 à 2015 - NF EN 16247 -
- Energy metering and monitoring plan – Design and implementation – Principle of energy data collection – Energy measurement and monitoring plan – Design and implementation...
Regulations
Law n° 2005-781 of July 13, 2005 on energy policy (Loi POPE)
Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions (known as "IED") adopted in 2010 (recast of Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, known as IPPC, from 2008)
Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 25, 2012 on energy efficiency
...
Directory
Public bodies
Public body responsible for implementing the energy transition – Ademe http://www.ademe.fr
Public Investment Bank – Bpifrance http://www.bpifrance.fr
The Ultimate Scientific and Technical Reference
